Historian Chris Owen’s deep dive into Scientology’s war on the mental health profession continues with part two today. Please see his dynamite part one from yesterday.
In parallel with its overt anti-psychiatry campaign detailed in part one of our series, Scientology also conducted a covert campaign against medical doctors. As far back as the early 1950s, Hubbard had been deeply paranoid about supposed infiltration by the American Medical Association (AMA), to the point that one of his associates recalled him seeing “a spy from the American Medical Association in every student applicant, in every preclear in for processing, in every non-student customer in the FranTom Luncheonette downstairs.”
(A note from Chris: Many thanks to the benefactors whose generosity has been essential in covering the cost of the research subscriptions that enabled me to write this article (and much more besides). If readers would like to help contribute towards further research, please see my Patreon page. Thank you for your continued support!)
Hubbard raged to his followers about what he saw as a conspiracy against him and declared that Dianetics and Scientology would replace medicine. “Bluntly, we are out to replace medicine in the next three years,” he wrote in 1952. “We are not even vaguely propitiative toward medicine or psychiatry, and we are overtly intent upon assimilating every function they are now performing.”
The American Medical Association, which he described as “allied with the ‘Liars of America’,” was a frequent target of Hubbard’s attacks. He claimed that the AMA had established a “monopoly” over health care and that doctors had forfeited public goodwill due to their accepting money from the public to remedy ills they could do nothing about. He told his followers that “the great mouthpieces of medicine … have devoted pages and pages to a desperate effort to stop Dianetics. The raving and frothing done upon the subjects of Dianetics and Scientology by otherwise responsible men in LIFE, TIME, and LOOK, in LIBERTY and cheaper publications has no real precedent in this century. Every piece of scandal that could be scraped up was hurled by medicine to stop Dianetics in its tracks.”
Twenty years later, Hubbard was still railing against doctors. He told Sea Org members that “medicine and drugs reach back into the history of the witchcraft, Satanism, infanticide love potions [sic] and handling inter personal relations with arsenic. Born of abominations drugs and medicine continue their career in modern times. The only improvement has been to cut the throat of the patient instead of a sacrificial goat’s.” He claimed that medicine had come into existence “in the mid 1400s as Satan worshippers” and that he had traced “the money required to finance attacks on Scientology” to present-day medical drug manufacturers.”
Hubbard claimed that the Rockefeller family – a favourite target for many conspiracy theorists – were the secret funders of the AMA, in support of their interests in the drugs industry. The AMA, he claimed, “is financed by ads bought by drug companies. Who owns the drug companies?” He considered it deeply unlikely that psychiatrists or doctors would have “climbed out of their pig troughs long enough” to act against Scientology without being financed by someone like Rockefeller.
The creation of the GO had given Hubbard the means to strike back against the AMA and other medical bodies which he believed were conspiring against Scientology. He directed that doctors and their representatives were enemies and thus legitimate targets for espionage and covert action. Numerous medical bodies were targeted by the Guardian’s Office in a campaign that lasted through much of the 1970s, involving repeated and successful penetration operations.
Among the targets were the Ontario College of Physicians and Surgeons, which was infiltrated by GO operative after it gave information about Scientology to a public inquiry, and the American Cancer Society (ACS), which had debunked Hubbard’s E-Meter. In 1973, the GO initiated Operation Smoke ”to see how much ACS has been doing against Scn [Scientology] … indications fairly active .. At this time we have operatives in their national headquarters (N.Y.) and in the following states: Massachusetts, Nevada, Cal. — which should provide ample information.”
The Chicago-based AMA also became a top-priority target for the GO. The AMA was genuinely a serious threat to Scientology; its Department of Investigations, which pursued what it called “quackery” as part of the AMA’s mission to protect public health, had amassed extensive files on Scientology. It provided information on Scientology to national, state, local and international governments.
In response, the GO launched the “AMA Doom Program” with the aim of destroying the AMA. It infiltrated an agent into the AMA’s Drug Department to obtain the organisation’s files. Quite by chance, it discovered that the AMA was using its influence to oppose chiropractic treatment, which was considered pseudoscientific. The GO purchased a small publishing house called Scriptures Unlimited to serve as the front for the publication of a book exposing the AMA’s anti-chiropractic activity.
The book, In the Public Interest, reproduced internal AMA memos supposedly provided by a pro-reform AMA staff member to make the case that the organisation was illicitly attempting to wipe out a competing profession. It was attributed to the fictitious “William Trever” – in reality, a GO staff member named Joe Lisa – and credited the assistance of the “Reform in Professional Organisations Freedom Foundation.” The acronym of this non-existent group – RIPOFF – showed the GO’s brazenness: a “rip-off,” in GO jargon, was an operation to steal documents from a target.
The GO initiated further attacks through Operations Kettle and Sore Throat and Project Early Warning System in the mid-1970s. The latter was an infiltration campaign initiated in late 1975 with the aim being to “place a very secure agent into the AMA Chicago headquarters in the best position to obtain data on their intended actions towards us.”
Operation Sore Throat was a sophisticated campaign of information warfare against the AMA with many present-day echoes. It involved stealing information from the AMA and leaking it to the media over a sustained period of time to generate adverse publicity, using the fictitious persona of a discontented AMA member as the supposed leaker.
The plan was masterminded at the very top levels of the GO. Jane Kember, Deputy Guardian US Henning Heldt and Deputy Guardian for PR David Gaiman were all closely involved. Given its importance to the GO and its targeting of one of Hubbard’s most detested enemies, Hubbard and his wife were almost certainly also involved and fully aware of what was going on.
Several GO operatives were infiltrated into the AMA as employees, gaining access to meetings of the AMA’s board of directors. They were able to obtain access not only to the AMA’s files but to records of associated organisations held by the AMA. One of the operatives, June Byrne, was so successful – she was credited with stealing a 6- to 7-foot stack of documents – that she was nominated for an award as she was deemed to have done “a hell of a job.”
As a result of Operation Sore Throat, the AMA found itself repeatedly embarrassed by leaks of confidential documents to the press. They came from a mysterious source who called himself ‘Sore Throat’ – a punning reference to the Watergate scandal’s Deep Throat. The documents disclosed the AMA’s political activities and liaison with the pharmaceutical industry, including lobbying for nominees to federal appointments and details of financial transactions between drug companies and the AMA’s political arm.
‘Sore Throat’ claimed to be “a doctor who worked in the AMA’s Chicago office for about ten years” who had become unhappy with the AMA’s policies and moved to Washington, DC when he was laid off. In reality, he was a Washington-based Scientologist and GO staff member named Michael Meisner, whose activities were run from the GO’s offices in the city’s Founding Church of Scientology.
A GO memo issued in August 1975 noted satisfaction at the progress of the operation. It was “moving along quite smoothly now with prospects for two to three congressional investigations of the AMA, and verification that the Internal Revenue Service is investigating the AMA and leaning in the direction of revoking the AMA’s tax exempt status.”
The leaks led to the AMA being investigated by Congress, the US government, Ralph Nader and the media. One of the disclosures in the leaks, concerning the AMA’s opposition to chiropractic, led to a decade of litigation between the AMA and chiropractors that ended in the AMA’s defeat in an anti-trust lawsuit.
In addition to the ‘Sore Throat’ campaign, the GO targeted the AMA with litigation, backed up by its campaign of espionage. It aimed to sue the AMA over a supposed conspiracy to target Scientology. To bolster its planned lawsuit, it stole the files of the AMA’s Coordinating Conference on Health Information (CCHI), which was involved in efforts to combat health scams.
A “Conspiracy Suit Debug Project” was started in February 1975 to obtain the CCHI files. The GO believed that the members of the CCHI were conspiring among themselves to push negative information about Scientology into the media, and sought to obtain evidence of the supposed plot. By October that year, GO official Dick Weigand reported that “all AMA files on CCHI were obtained.”
A few days later, Scientology sued for $1.6 million over an article published seven years earlier in the AMA’s magazine, followed by a separate $5.6 million libel suit over the same article. The libel suit failed, but was likely considered a success by the GO for draining the AMA’s financial resources.
The GO claimed credit for the AMA’s decision in 1975 to shut down its Department of Investigations, which had been a thorn in Scientology’s side for years. Jane Kember and Mary Sue Hubbard were delighted with this outcome and authorised small cash awards to Weigand and twelve other GO operatives in recognition of their efforts. “For $545 [in awards],” wrote Henning Heldt, “they cost the AMA at least $250,000.”
Despite the demise of the Department of Investigations, the GO believed that the AMA was preparing to carry out a counter-attack over Sore Throat. In November 1975 Weigand ordered his subordinates to “place a very secure agent into the AMA Chicago headquarters in the best position possible to obtain data on their intended actions towards us.” GO operatives also burgled the AMA’s law firm, Sidley & Austin, in 1976. Two Scientologists who broke into the firm’s offices copied legally sensitive AMA files after carrying out a 90-minute search.
Individual AMA staff were also targeted. Under Program Billy’s Baby, the GO planned to discredit an AMA official by having a Scientologist rehearsed in playing the role of the official’s girlfriend. The aim of the operation was to cause a scandal by claiming that she had become pregnant by him.
A GO official wrote in a 1977 memo: “I recruited a tough OT (Operating Thetan) female with lots of intention who could act out a few dramatic phone calls … I drilled the FSM (Field Staff Member) so she had the patter exactly as written and could mock up grief, drugged, slurred voice.” It is not clear whether the operation went ahead. A further GO operation sought to exploit the AMA’s difficulties by setting up a breakaway National Academy of Medicine.
As well as relentlessly attacking the AMA in the pages of its propaganda newspaper, Freedom, Scientology also sought to covertly plant anti-AMA propaganda in the mainstream media. The GO infiltrated an operative into Forbes magazine in 1977 to work as a “reporter-researcher.” The goal was to get the magazine to print articles condemning the AMA as a “monopoly,” echoing Hubbard’s criticism of the organisation.
The operative’s GO handler reported in June 1977 that Scientology was providing the operative with “voluminous data about the workings of the AMA and the current level of incompetency of the American medical profession as a whole.” Forbes was entirely unaware of the operation, which was likely abandoned when the GO was raided by the FBI in July 1977.
The GO also saw state medical associations as a threat. Its operatives posed as doctors or reporters to leak derogatory information about the California Medical Association, though their cover seems to have been fairly crude; a planning document advised operatives to “act like an MD – deep voice – mature.” It is highly likely that Scientology also targeted other medical organisations in the US and elsewhere.
Although the GO was very successful in penetrating soft targets like the AMA, its tradecraft was poor and its operatives left clues that enabled a sufficiently well-resourced target to trace them. Most of its targets were not able to do this – but the AMA was. It hired a former Secret Service agent to carry out an investigation that ultimately pointed to Scientology being responsible for the “Sore Throat” leaks.
A GO memorandum of 16 May 1977 explained the circumstances of the exposure: “3 agents got placed in 2 AMA offices. It fell apart in Oct. ’75 when the DC missionaire leaked data to the press which identified one of the agents. The AMA called in a firm of investigators who blew the Chicago agent … and then traced a connection to the DC agents.”
The AMA accused the Church of Scientology of being behind ‘Sore Throat,’ while also admitting that it lacked enough evidence to legally prove Scientology’s involvement. A GO spokesman denied responsibility, accusing the AMA of being “an incredibly corrupt organisation grasping in the dark to cover their own crimes.” A GO operative even called the Washington Post using the ‘Sore Throat’ guise to deny that Scientology was responsible for the leaks.
The GO leadership planned an ultimately unsuccessful cover-up operation. Kember informed Deputy Guardian US Henning Heldt of the planned cover story, which sought to conceal the GO’s espionage as being legitimate investigative reporting by Scientology’s newspaper Freedom: “David [Gaiman] has laid down a strategy which is to enable us to contain the scene. Our plants when trapped are Freedom investigative reporters just like any other newspaper. The plants themselves do not have to confess or be named … We can undercut AMA’s continual effort to expose us by indicating it is a smokescreen to prevent Freedom from publishing.” At the time, the GO was heavily targeting the AMA in the pages of its Freedom newspaper to promote Hubbard’s denunciations and charge it with being a “monopoly.”
The FBI later identified Canavarro as a GO staff member whose real name was Sherry Hermann (also known as Sherry Cooper). As well as infiltrating the AMA, she had previously infiltrated the Better Business Bureau, but she avoided prosecution. The GO’s agents in the AMA’s Washington, DC office were both identified by the AMA’s investigators but were reassigned by the GO to infiltrate targets in Florida. Although AMA attorneys met with US Attorney Paul Finely in November 1975 to press the Department of Justice to bring charges, the government took no action.
Scientology’s covert war against the medical profession was finally exposed in 1977 when the FBI learned that the GO had carried out a massive campaign of espionage against the US government. Thousands of pages of documents seized from GO facilities by the FBI showed some of what Scientology had done – though much remains hidden to this day. Eleven GO officials, including Mary Sue Hubbard, Jane Kember and Henning Heldt were subsequently convicted and jailed for crimes against the United States.
— Chris Owen
Next: Scientology’s ongoing war on psychiatry
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“To date, I think I’ve lost something in the neighborhood of four or five hundred dollars treating patients by accidentally leaving change around while treating somebody I didn’t know was a kleptomaniac — it wasn’t part of the diagnosis. And I’ve had people halfway through to Clear all of a sudden put the money back in the drawer again. That was about the first time I learned about how, as people come up the line, their honesty level comes up too.” — L. Ron Hubbard, July 1, 1950
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“PERSONAL HYGIENE: Until 3 July the 1600-1745 period may be devoted to personal hygiene.” — The Commodore, July 1, 1970
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“There are some who consider that LRH standard tech is the ultimate. However that is plainly not the case to anyone who can look. We do not have OTs. LRH was the most brilliant researcher into our condition that I have ever met or even read about. He had quite a unique ability to cut to the essentials. He also had a case of his own. Thus it might make sense to look at LRH’s case to find the occluded areas of research. What might LRH not have looked at due to having his own areas of occlusion?”
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1997: Reuters reported that tennis star Boris Becker has threatened legal action against Scientology for using his picture and comments on the Internet to criticize Germany’s tolerance of minorities. “The organisation, which Germany views as anti-democratic and has put under intelligence surveillance, has a picture of Becker and his black wife Barbara at the top of an article headed ‘The Trouble with Intolerance.’ A Scientology spokesman said it had not reported anything more than Becker himself said in an interview last year when he said he planned to move to the United States when his son reached school age. The article, with the sub-heading ‘For many minorities, living in Germany means living in fear,’ cited Becker as an example of someone who had suffered ‘years of intolerance and abuse, apparently owing to the fact that his wife is black.’ Becker’s Munich-based lawyers demanded Scientology withdraw all reference to the former Wimbledon champion and pledge not to use his picture again. ‘Boris Becker is in no way prepared to promote the aims of your organisation in any manner,’ the lawyers said in a letter addressed to the Church of Scientology International in London. Scientology spokesman Georg Stoffel said it had used the reference to Becker because it wanted to draw attention to examples of alleged discrimination in Germany — both against its own members and other people. ‘We campaign for the rights of all minorities,’ he said. ‘This was just one example.’ Becker’s lawyers said they hoped their letter to Scientology would have a positive outcome. ‘We would note now, however, that we reserve the right to take the necessary legal steps if this case is repeated,’ they said.”
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“People get distracted by the crazy convolutedness of the ‘Tech.’ At its core Scientology is simply a con game, a ‘long con.’ Hubbard just kept adding to his ‘Winchester Mystery House’ as he went along hoping the marks wouldn’t catch on. Unfortunately for D.M., Hubbard didn’t leave him much in the way of building materials.”
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Full Court Press: What we’re watching at the Underground Bunker
Criminal prosecutions:
— Danny Masterson charged for raping three women: Next hearing set for August 9. Trial tentatively scheduled for early November.
— Jay and Jeff Spina, Medicare fraud: Jay sentenced to 9 years in prison. Jeff’s sentencing to be scheduled.
— Hanan and Rizza Islam and other family members, Medi-Cal fraud: Pretrial conference August 21 in Los Angeles
— David Gentile, GPB Capital, fraud: June 18 pretrial conference delayed until July 9.
Civil litigation:
— Luis and Rocio Garcia v. Scientology: Oral arguments were heard on July 30 at the Eleventh Circuit
— Valerie Haney v. Scientology: Forced to ‘religious arbitration.’ Petition to US Supreme Court submitted on May 26. Scientology responded on June 25.
— Chrissie Bixler et al. v. Scientology and Danny Masterson: California Supreme Court granted review on May 26 and asked the Second Appellate Division to direct Judge Steven Kleifield to show cause why he granted Scientology’s motion for arbitration.
— Matt and Kathy Feschbach tax debt: Eleventh Circuit ruled on Sept 9 that Feshbachs can’t discharge IRS debt in bankruptcy. Dec 17: Feshbachs sign court judgment obliging them to pay entire $3.674 million tax debt, plus interest from Nov 19.
— Brian Statler Sr v. City of Inglewood: Third amended complaint filed, trial set for Nov 9, 2021.
— Author Steve Cannane defamation trial: Trial concluded, Cannane victorious, awarded court costs. Case appealed on Dec 24.
Concluded litigation:
— Dennis Nobbe, Medicare fraud, PPP loan fraud: Charged July 29. Bond revoked Sep 14. Nobbe dead, Sep 14.
— Jane Doe v. Scientology (in Miami): Jane Doe dismissed the lawsuit on May 15 after the Clearwater Police dropped their criminal investigation of her allegations.
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THE PROSECUTION OF DANNY MASTERSON
We first broke the news of the LAPD’s investigation of Scientology celebrity Danny Masterson on rape allegations in 2017, and we’ve been covering the story every step of the way since then. At this page we’ve collected our most important links, including our four days in Los Angeles covering the preliminary hearing and its ruling, which has Danny facing trial and the potential sentence of 45 years to life in prison.
After the success of their double-Emmy-winning, three-season A&E series ‘Scientology and the Aftermath,’ Leah Remini and Mike Rinder continue the conversation on their podcast, ‘Scientology: Fair Game.’ We’ve created a landing page where you can hear all of the episodes so far.
LEAH REMINI: SCIENTOLOGY AND THE AFTERMATH
An episode-by-episode guide to Leah Remini’s three-season, double-Emmy winning series that changed everything for Scientology watching. Originally aired from 2016 to 2019 on the A&E network, and now on Netflix.
SCIENTOLOGY’S CELEBRITIES, from A to Z
Find your favorite Hubbardite celeb at this index page — or suggest someone to add to the list!
Other links: SCIENTOLOGY BLACK OPS: Tom Cruise and dirty tricks. Scientology’s Ideal Orgs, from one end of the planet to the other. Scientology’s sneaky front groups, spreading the good news about L. Ron Hubbard while pretending to benefit society. Scientology Lit: Books reviewed or excerpted in a weekly series. How many have you read?
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THE WHOLE TRACK
[ONE year ago] Who knew? Scientology Volunteer Ministers bring ‘spiritual’ aid to disasters & not just PR
[TWO years ago] Measles-free, Scientology’s cruise ship holds its annual ‘Maiden Voyage’ celebration
[THREE years ago] Scientology celebrates 30 years of duping wealthy people on the high seas!
[FOUR years ago] HowdyCon: From “Squeeze My Cans,” Cathy Schenkelberg’s sexy Scientology sec-check!
[FIVE years ago] Scientology’s ‘Ideal’ program really reaching at this point as it eyes a city without an org
[SIX years ago] Is David Miscavige really planning to extend Scientology’s ‘Bridge’?
[SEVEN years ago] Rathbun: ‘Scientology never endorsed anyone where there wasn’t a clear self-interest’
[EIGHT years ago] Scientology To Turn Over 18,000 Pages of Evidence to Laura DeCrescenzo on Tuesday
[NINE years ago] Radar Gets It Wrong: How Scientology Is Likely To Be an Issue in the Divorce of Katie Holmes and Tom Cruise
[TEN years ago] Scientology and the Nation of Islam: A Heartwarming Independence Weekend Parable
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Bernie Headley (1952-2019) did not see his daughter Stephanie in his final 5,667 days.
Valerie Haney has not seen her mother Lynne in 2,348 days.
Katrina Reyes has not seen her mother Yelena in 2,853 days
Sylvia Wagner DeWall has not seen her brother Randy in 2,373 days.
Brian Sheen has not seen his grandson Leo in 1,393 days.
Geoff Levin has not seen his son Collin and daughter Savannah in 1,284 days.
Christie Collbran has not seen her mother Liz King in 4,591 days.
Clarissa Adams has not seen her parents Walter and Irmin Huber in 2,459 days.
Carol Nyburg has not seen her daughter Nancy in 3,233 days.
Doug Kramer has not seen his parents Linda and Norm in 1,563 days.
Jamie Sorrentini Lugli has not seen her father Irving in 4,037 days.
Quailynn McDaniel has not seen her brother Sean in 3,353 days.
Dylan Gill has not seen his father Russell in 11,919 days.
Melissa Paris has not seen her father Jean-Francois in 7,838 days.
Valeska Paris has not seen her brother Raphael in 4,006 days.
Mirriam Francis has not seen her brother Ben in 3,587 days.
Claudio and Renata Lugli have not seen their son Flavio in 3,848 days.
Sara Goldberg has not seen her daughter Ashley in 2,886 days.
Lori Hodgson has not seen her son Jeremy and daughter Jessica in 2,599 days.
Marie Bilheimer has not seen her mother June in 2,124 days.
Julian Wain has not seen his brother Joseph or mother Susan in 479 days.
Charley Updegrove has not seen his son Toby in 1,654 days.
Joe Reaiche has not seen his daughter Alanna Masterson in 6,205 days
Derek Bloch has not seen his father Darren in 3,354 days.
Cindy Plahuta has not seen her daughter Kara in 3,674 days.
Roger Weller has not seen his daughter Alyssa in 8,529 days.
Claire Headley has not seen her mother Gen in 3,648 days.
Ramana Dienes-Browning has not seen her mother Jancis in 2,004 days.
Mike Rinder has not seen his son Benjamin and daughter Taryn in 6,307 days.
Brian Sheen has not seen his daughter Spring in 2,413 days.
Skip Young has not seen his daughters Megan and Alexis in 2,815 days.
Mary Kahn has not seen her son Sammy in 2,687 days.
Lois Reisdorf has not seen her son Craig in 2,270 days.
Phil and Willie Jones have not seen their son Mike and daughter Emily in 2,765 days.
Mary Jane Barry has not seen her daughter Samantha in 3,019 days.
Kate Bornstein has not seen her daughter Jessica in 14,128 days.
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Posted by Tony Ortega on July 1, 2021 at 07:00
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Our new book with Paulette Cooper, Battlefield Scientology: Exposing L. Ron Hubbard’s dangerous ‘religion’ is now on sale at Amazon in paperback and Kindle formats. Our book about Paulette, The Unbreakable Miss Lovely: How the Church of Scientology tried to destroy Paulette Cooper, is on sale at Amazon in paperback, Kindle, and audiobook versions. We’ve posted photographs of Paulette and scenes from her life at a separate location. Reader Sookie put together a complete index. More information can also be found at the book’s dedicated page.
The Best of the Underground Bunker, 1995-2020 Just starting out here? We’ve picked out the most important stories we’ve covered here at the Underground Bunker (2012-2020), The Village Voice (2008-2012), New Times Los Angeles (1999-2002) and the Phoenix New Times (1995-1999)
Other links: BLOGGING DIANETICS: Reading Scientology’s founding text cover to cover | UP THE BRIDGE: Claire Headley and Bruce Hines train us as Scientologists | GETTING OUR ETHICS IN: Jefferson Hawkins explains Scientology’s system of justice | SCIENTOLOGY MYTHBUSTING: Historian Jon Atack discusses key Scientology concepts | Shelly Miscavige, 15 years gone | The Lisa McPherson story told in real time | The Cathriona White stories | The Leah Remini ‘Knowledge Reports’ | Hear audio of a Scientology excommunication | Scientology’s little day care of horrors | Whatever happened to Steve Fishman? | Felony charges for Scientology’s drug rehab scam | Why Scientology digs bomb-proof vaults in the desert | PZ Myers reads L. Ron Hubbard’s “A History of Man” | Scientology’s Master Spies | The mystery of the richest Scientologist and his wayward sons | Scientology’s shocking mistreatment of the mentally ill | The Underground Bunker’s Official Theme Song | The Underground Bunker FAQ
Watch our short videos that explain Scientology’s controversies in three minutes or less…
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Our non-Scientology stories: Robert Burnham Jr., the man who inscribed the universe | Notorious alt-right inspiration Kevin MacDonald and his theories about Jewish DNA | The selling of the “Phoenix Lights” | Astronomer Harlow Shapley‘s FBI file | Sex, spies, and local TV news | Battling Babe-Hounds: Ross Jeffries v. R. Don Steele
